Wednesday, February 22, 2012

Pneumococcal vaccine protects against some strains of s.

In-Depth from Adam pneumococcal bacteria (also called pneumococcus or S. pneumonia) is responsible for many respiratory infections in the upper and lower respiratory tract. This bacterium is dangerous for people with serious chronic illnesses and diseases, and is a major cause of ear infections and sinusitis in children. The most common type of severe infection S. pneumonia is pneumonia. Pneumococcal vaccine protects against some strains of S. pneumonia


bacteria, the most common cause of respiratory infections. There are 2 effective vaccines:


7-valent (strain) conjugated pneumococcal vaccine Prevnar (PCV7) for all infants and children under five years. 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Pneumovax, CGP-immune) or PPSV23 for some adults and older children. 7-valent conjugated vaccine Prevnar (PCV7) is very effective in children. The vaccine reduced hospitalizations for pneumonia in children aged 2 to 40%. The vaccine reduced hospitalizations even among adults aged 18 - 39, probably because they are parents of children who might be prone to this disease. Recurrent ear infections in children has decreased by 28% after vaccine. Recommended immunization schedule Prevnar (PCV7) 4 doses at 2, 4, 6, and 12 - 15 months. Children starting immunization between 7 and 11 months strattera no prescritpion should be 3 doses. Children from vaccination of 12 to 23 months only need 2 doses. Those over 2 years old need only 1 dose. Not over two years with heart disease, lung disease (including asthma), kidney disease or are on dialysis, alcoholics, people with diabetes, cirrhosis, or with cochlear implants and cerebrospinal fluid leakage. All people over 65 years, some experts believe that all adults aged 50 - 64 should be vaccinated. Adults over 65 who received pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine before they are 65 should receive a second dose after turns 65. Adults aged 19 - 64 who smoke should receive one dose of PPV. Persons with conditions that weaken the immune system, such as cancer, HIV or organ transplants


Persons who receive chronic (long) immunosuppressive drugs, including steroids


patients with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, although protection may not be as strong for these patients. Older people who have had transplants or with kidney disease may need re-vaccination over 6 years. People living in long-term care facilities. Alaska Native or American Indians aged over 50 who live in areas with high levels of invasive pneumococcal infections. Safety of pneumococcal vaccine was not proven during the first trimester, but there were no side effects reported. When the vaccine for pregnant women, it can protect their children from some respiratory infections. Sealing is more than 6 years in most people, although the protective properties may be lost at a faster rate in the elderly than in young adults. Any risk of serious pneumonia should revaktsynovano 6 years after the first dose, including those who were vaccinated before the age of 65. The following doses of steering, however, is not recommended. Side effects include pain and redness at the injection site, fever, joint pain. Children are more likely to have fever within 48 hours if they receive other vaccines at the same time, and after the second dose. Fortunately, severe reactions are very rare, even if a person mistakenly revaktsynuvaty the consequences of the first vaccination erased. Allergic reactions are very rare. .

It takes 4 days to create a strong immune ...

What is it? "Kennel cough" is an infectious bronchitis characterized by hard, dry cough, which most people refer to sound like "


something stuck in my throat dog. "This is the same chest cold for humans and only a serious condition in special circumstances (see below), in general, it resolves itself. Dog kennel cough generally feels active and maintains a normal appetite despite frequent bouts of coughing. There is usually no fever or weakness, just a lot of coughing. Not sure what seems to cough DOGS? Dogs can make a range of respiratory sounds. Usually the cough is very recognizable, but it is important to know another sound called "reverse sneezing. "Reverse sneezing is often mistaken for cough, choking to want to sneeze to vomit, or even choke. Indeed, reverse sneezing is a post-nasal drops or "tickle in the throat. "This is normal, especially for small dogs or dogs, and only require attention if he felt to be" excessive. "The point is to know the cough, when you see one. Cough may be dry or "productive", that is followed by gag, swallowing motion, frothy mucus production (not to be confused with vomiting). Here are some videos that can help:


Note: We have received many letters from people who saw this video


compare it with that makes their own dog and bringing their dogs kennel cough. This video is for demonstration of cough as a whole. It is important to note that


many causes coughing and coughing cheap strattera character usually does not reflect on its cause. BACK sneezing dog: dog cough, which has a poor appetite, fever, and / or lethargy should be tested for. How is the infection? Infected dog sheds infectious bacteria and / or viruses in the respiratory tract. These are a selection of aerosol and float in the air to be inhaled healthy dogs. The normal respiratory tract has substantial safeguards against invading infectious agents. The most important of these is probably what is called the "mucociliary escalator


. "This guarantee consists of tiny hair like structures called" cilia "which protrude from the cells lining the airways, and continue on a layer of slime on them. Cilia beat in a coordinated manner through the lower and more watery mucus layer called "salt. "A thick layer of mucus called the" gel "floats on the surface of the sol. Rubbish, including infectious agents, caught in a trap in sticky gel and cilia move them up towards the throat where the collection of debris and mucus may cough and / or swallowed. infectious agents (viruses such as reovirusy, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, and even >> << you can start an infection). Without this protective mechanism, invading bacteria, especially


Bordetella bronchiseptica, the chief agent of kennel cough can just go down the airways unimpeded. Bordetella bronchiseptica They are able to communicate directly eyelashes, making them unable to move for a 3:00 contact. They secrete substances that disable the immune cells normally responsible for the destruction of bacteria consumption. Because it is common for Bordetella must be accompanied by at least one infectious agent (for example, one of the viruses listed below), "Kennel cough" is actually a complex of infections rather than infection of one agent. Classically, dogs get infected when they are in a crowded situation with poor air circulation, but a lot of warm air (eg, boarding kennel, vaccination clinic, obedience class, local park, animal shelter, animal receiving rooms of the hospital or care salon). In reality, most causes of coughing that begin acutely dogs by infectious diseases and usually represent some form of kennel cough. AS diagnosis? Typically, the influence crowds history of dogs in due time, plus typical results of the examination (cough, a dog that feels good, otherwise) is sufficient for diagnosis. Radiographs show bronchitis, although severe cases may develop pneumonia, especially if the dog distemper virus in question. How contagious is it? Bordetella infection can be picked up by rabbits, guinea pigs, pigs, cats (if they are very young and placed in groups), and other dogs. Bordetella, are generally not considered contagious to humans, although it is closely related to Bordetella pertussis, whooping cough agent. Immune-suppressed people could potentially be infected. Among Cough breeding dogs fairly contagious depending on voltage level, vaccination status and the impact of small viruses. Dogs shed Bordetella organisms


for up to 3 months after infection. Our clinic recommends keeping all dogs current on Bordetella, as you never know when they will be in unexpected situations. How to treat kennel cough? Although in most cases will go by themselves, we like to think that we can speed up recovery with antibiotics to directly kill the organism Bordetella


. Also, kennel cough can be treated with cough, to provide comfort during natural recovery. In addition, antibiotics and cough can be combined. When a serious illness? Very young puppies, especially with the recent history of navigation (eg, pet store puppies) are especially prone severe cases of infectious tracheobronchitis (frequently progressing to pneumonia). In dogs where the distemper virus is involved (usually home or pet store puppies) are a huge potential for serious consequences. (For more information about the Troubles.)


There are two main options for kennel cough vaccination: injectable and intranasal. It is important to understand that not all members of the complex cough vaccine is nurseries. Furthermore, since nursery cough is localized infections (ie it is local to the respiratory tract), is an infection that defies prevention through vaccination. Vaccination should be regular growth and often vaccination simply muffles the severity of infection, preventing it completely. Injectable vaccination is a good choice for aggressive dogs that may bite if their muzzle came. For puppies, injectable vaccination provides good systemic immunity in two doses of the data (approximately one month) over the age of 4 months. Amplifiers are usually awarded annually. better immunity receiving injections or nasal boosters for kennel cough. Parainfluenza, adenovirus type 2, and all members of the complex kennel cough, is covered by the standard vaccine DHLPP, basic vaccine for dogs. Adenovirus type 2 serum also imunizuyut against adenovirus type 1, the agent of infectious canine hepatitis. Intranasal vaccine can be given already by 3 weeks of age and immunity generally lasts 10-12 months. (Usually this vaccine is increasing every year, but if anyone looks forward to the inevitable effects, both in boarding, racing or other events of dogs together, it is optimal to increase if 6 months have passed). The advantage here is that local immunity is stimulated directly at the place where the natural infection will try to acquire. It takes 4 days to create a strong immune response after vaccination yntranazalnoy, so it is best if the vaccine at least 4 days before exposure. Some dogs will have some sneezing or nasal discharge within a week after yntranazalnoy vaccination. As a general rule, nasal vaccination provides immunity rather than injected vaccines. as injectable and nasal vaccination (and not just get one or the other). IF VACCINE NOSE accidentally by injection, abscess CAN CAUSE under the skin! Nasal vaccine can be given by injection. ALREADY Incubation kennel cough. WHAT TO DO IF kennel cough does not improve? As noted earlier, this infection is usually self. It should be at least partially improved after one week of treatment. If improvement is not observed at this time re-check exam (possibly including radiographs of the chest) would be a good idea. Retrieved from Kennel cough you allow the underlying disease. Kennel Cough can activate previously asymptomatic


or condition may be reached. There is another respiratory infection is called, which seemed to be racing greyhound issue only to the end of 2005. This infection causes fever and pneumonia, but starts to look like a normal cough nurseries. This infection is much more serious, highly contagious, but now seems to be rare. If you have questions about coughing dog, do not hesitate to bring them to the vet, or click "Contact Us" function below. .


harmful effects bacteria

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antibiotic resistant pneumonia

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Most of the pigs, poultry and dairy cows are ...

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine and saving millions of lives. However, most antibiotics are not used to save lives. In human medicine we use them very often to treat lung ailments. Almost 50% of all antibiotics used in agriculture, primarilyin productiontocompensate intensive livestock crowded and unnatural conditions in the factory farms. Most of the pigs, poultry and dairy cows receiving antibiotics, usually if they are really sick, with some European pigs spent on average 20% of his life on antibiotics. Over the past ten years a whole new E. coli and MRSA superbakteriy become a serious problem in European farms because of excessive use of antibiotics. Experts in the field of public health of the world agreed that resistant bacteria are created in food animals, antibiotic use and resistance, these bacteria are transmitted to people. This makes it more difficult for physicians to treat injured patients, potentially fatal delays in determining effective antibiotics when necessary. The situation is so acute that the Director-General of the World Health Organization, Dr. Margaret Chan, warned in 2011 "after the antibiotic era in which many common infections no longer treatment and again kill unabated. "


This is an ongoing challenge for public health and one that Soil Association has been researching and campaigning for many years. We also joined the Compassion in World farming and sustainable, to form an alliance to strattera price save our antibiotics. We want to make the following urgent measures on the use of antibiotics:


withdrawal period after drug use to be extended in accordance with organic standards


pneumonia in children symptoms

Learn more about Find out how to support our work on antibiotics, or by becoming Learn about >>. <<

Organic producers require organic standards...

Most were questions raised by researchers and legislators about the constant use of non-therapeutic doses of antibiotics in agriculture to promote growth in cattle. As a result, growing interest in organic farming, which does not allow this practice. The choice of products bearing the organic label is the only way consumers can be sure meat and dairy products they buy have been conducted without the use of antibiotics. Organic practices recognize and respect the powerful nature of antibiotics. As a result, organic practices prohibit the use of antibiotics, synthetic hormones or other drugs in animal feed to animals to promote growth and animal products. Dear organizations such as the American Medical Association and World Health Organization recommends for non-therapeutic use of antibiotics in agriculture in order to protect public health. These organizations say that such use of antibiotics in agriculture, promote the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. More recently, in June 2009 issue of Environmental Health Perspectives included account Article BЂњThe Landscape resistance to antibiotics, BЂ "referred to research showing that the practice of using antibiotics at sub-therapeutic levels in cattle feed and water led to the preservation of these antibiotics in the environment and the possibility of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Up to 70 percent of all antibiotics produced in the U.S. used to BЂ? Without therapeuticBЂ "purposes in industrial production of animal feed, according to the Union of Concerned Scientists, which defines BЂ? Without therapeuticBЂ ™, as the use of antibiotics in the absence of diagnosed disease. Food animals on agricultural farms, often fed antibiotics in food and water to contribute to weight gain and feed, and to compensate for overcrowding and unsanitary conditions. This is unacceptable in organic agriculture. Organic producers require organic standards for living conditions and health practices that help prevent disease and improve health of animals. In addition to prohibiting the use of antibiotics and synthetic growth hormones organic livestock, U.S. national organic standards require organic livestock feed 100 percent organic raw materials strattera 10mg and access to pasture and the outdoors. The standards prohibit the use of genetic engineering, toxic and persistent pesticides and sewage sludge on fields. Organic operations of the federal regulation of third party certified USDA accredited certifier. .

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This juice works wonders to detoxify the body.

All natural treatment is the best remedy for bacterial vaginosis. The advantage of using all natural treatment is a fast, efficient, low cost and no side effects or adverse reactions. Everything works great natural treatment for bacterial vaginosis once and even chronic bacterial vaginosis. What are the benefits of all natural treatment of bacterial vaginosis? Quick and healthy - running as fast as antibiotics within one week of treatment the symptoms of all natural treat only bacteria that are eliminated are harmful bacteria and beneficial bacteria will still be at work in the vagina. Entry into force - all natural treatments have been proven to be more effective in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. With antibiotics, the symptoms returned. Inexpensive - You can not believe, but all natural treatment will cost more than eating out for hamburger joint. This is the cheapest product you can find on the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Privacy - all the more natural process can be done in the privacy of your home. You do not need to talk to the nurse, doctor and pharmacist about your condition. You can make it a natural process, all the houses in the privacy and avoid embarrassment. What are some natural home treatments are available for bacterial vaginosis? Very easy to use natural treatments at home strattera online that works well is apple cider vinegar. Vinegar has the correct level of acidity of the vagina is necessary to stay healthy as acid base. This means that using apple cider vinegar can restore a healthy pH balance levels have been reduced by harmful bacteria. This is a great way to start if you want to use all natural treatment. (Personally I prefer all natural products without side effects). There are two other all-natural treatments that have been proven to help with bacterial vaginosis, including cranberry juice and yogurt. No, not together. Yogurt has beneficial bacteria that can fight bad bacteria growing in the vagina. You can eat any kind of yogurt, plain or fruit that can help, but using plain yogurt and insert into the vagina will do it much better. If you have a tampon in plain yogurt and insert-use tool that will help get back into proper pH balance level. Other natural treatments that have proved effective include detoxifying the body with cranberry juice. This juice works wonders to detoxify the body. Just drink cranberry juice regularly can reduce a lot of vaginal infections. Another natural treatment is noted for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis using herbs, garlic and tea tree oil. You can choose any physical therapy, but remember that you must pay attention and prepare the application properly to ensure you mix the ingredients properly and the desired number. You can have problems if you mix the ingredients properly. So, before you go ahead with a natural treatment, make sure you know how to mix the ingredients and the correct way to use all natural treatment to cure bacterial vaginosis. Christina suffered from bacterial vaginosis for a very long time, but found it a natural process that cured her bacterial vaginosis quickly. This system, which cured my bacterial vaginosis, you may have. The information contained in this guide Christine, if done correctly, all cure bacterial vaginosis within three days. After reading the guide, you will discover the 3 steps that you can use at home to treat your bacterial vaginosis naturally. This process is safe and cheap. Bacterial vaginosis has all kinds of legends attached to the condition and treatment; Christina removes the myths and show you how to cure bacterial vaginosis permanently. This guide can be found. .

Chen lh, yang j, j yu yao zj, sun ll, shen...

Currently full >> << sequence genomes of almost all major bacterial pathogens >> << have been identified. In addition, the genome is


kind, but different species, subspecies, serovars


or patovaru available for most sorts. We begin


appreciate a great diversity of bacterial genomes >> << to virulence-related genes and their organization


. Pathogenic bacteria represent an impressive arsenal of virulence factors >> << that allow they win


many different niches during infection. Especially exciting is the fact that certain bacteria


, in the words of various combinations of virulence factors


, can cause various diseases. Further comparative genome analysis reveals


more interesting information about the biology and evolution


pathogens. Therefore, we recently updated


VFDB, to make it the basis for further comparative study >> << pathogenomics. Key Features


given this version include:



How do I get access to new data comparative pathogenomics:


visit a separate page any agent you're looking for


and follow the link on the page. Or conversely, to visit



comparative data and select agent >> << you are interested Definition: bacterial pathogen, usually defined as >> << any bacteria that could cause disease. Its ability to cause disease is called


pathogenicity. Virulence gives a quantitative measure of pathogenicity


or likelihood of causing disease. Factors related to the virulence properties


(ie, gene products) that allow >> << microorganism to establish itself on the surface or within a range of specific >> << and increase its potential to cause disease. Virulence factors include bacterial toxins, cell surface


proteins that mediate bacterial attachment on the cell surface carbohydrates and proteins >> << that protect bacteria


and hydrolytic enzymes that may contribute to pathogenicity


in bacteria. About VFDB: VFDB is an integrated >> << and comprehensive database of virulence factors for bacterial pathogens


(including chlamydia and mycoplasma). You can visit the


to know the current statistics for entire database >>. << First, to provide comprehensive coverage of major virulence factors


the most characterized bacterial pathogens,


to the structure of features, functions and strattera prescription mechanisms


used by these pathogens to allow them to gain new


niche and bypass a lot of protective mechanisms


and cause disease. Secondly, to provide advanced knowledge of a wide >> << different mechanisms used for bacterial pathogens >> << researchers clarify the pathogenic mechanisms in bacterial diseases


which is not typical and develop new


, rational approaches to treatment and prevention of infectious diseases


. Reference: Chen LH, Xiong ZH, Sun LL, Yang J and Jin Q 2012. VFDB 2012 update: the genetic diversity and molecular evolution of bacterial virulence factors .. [


] [J Yang, Chen LH, LL Su, Yu J and Jin Q 2008. VFDB 2008 issue: expanding Internet resource for comparative pathogenomics .. [


] [Chen LH, Yang J, J Yu Yao ZJ, Sun LL, Shen Jin U and Q, 2005. VFDB: reference database for bacterial virulence factors .. [


] [